Development of engine technology injektion

     

    Until now we still move slightly with Electronic Fuel Injection tech engine / Engine Management as may be seen , even if the growth is not one of those technologies can not yet sepenenuhnya replaces the previous conventional engine with the engine carburetor fuel flow system , because even today there are still many vehicles which we find carburetor engine wear .

    Do not be surprised if the machine is applying technology Electronic Fuel Injection / Engine Management which we encounter it , would be a machine CONVENTIONAL tomorrow or the next day if you find a vehicle with a Gasoline Direct Injection ( GDI ) in the streets .

   Long before GDI seriously applied to the vehicle , the engine constructor always think to implement a gasoline engine management on the vehicle but the engine can save fuel , a higher power or say things better than the current conventional injection engines and of course emissions remain can be controlled in accordance with the rules of the exhaust gas that has been outlined .
More than 10 years ago diaplikasikanlah GDI on a machine with the purpose that the engine can increase fuel efficiency are increasingly scarce and increasingly expensive course from time to time and output / power generated is higher than the current conventional injection engines .
  Gasoline usage efficiency can be increased due to the volume control GDI petrol spraying can be done very accurately , as well as the spray timing can be adjusted to any engine operational conditions .

    In addition , no loss " throttling " is a drag on the throttle valve causes the engine's volumetric efficiency is reduced as well as conventional gasoline injection systems and fuel flow system with a carburetor .
     Management of DGI engine mixture ratio can be set ranging from very thin to lambda 1 .
The air - fuel mixture ratio lambda = 1 , means that the air - fuel mixture ratio is 14.7:1 and if the mixture ratio can be very thin on numbers 65:1.
      Comparison of the air - fuel 65:1 is very thin when compared with the air - fuel supply for conventional injection engine and carburetor engines . Theoretically very thin mixture ratio may not be burned when the engine using conventional injection technology .
Comparison of Mixed Very Thin.
     Mode mixture ratio very lean when the engine idle rotation applied to the light load , or acceleration that is not too strong , or operational state machine that does not require big power .
Spraying gasoline is not made ​​during the intake stroke , but the final time step sprayed gasoline compression , and most gasoline is sprayed directly used close to the spark plug , so that it becomes highly flammable , and be more perfect combustion process , although the ratio of the fuel air mixture is very thin . As a result of gasoline consumption to be very frugal , HC CO emissions are cleaner when compared to machines that use a conventional injection system or carburetor .

  Ideal mixing ratio
Berdeda time machine work with a more moderate load , then set the ideal mixture ratio ( lambda = 1 ) .
   Because gasoline is injected during the intake stroke directly into the engine cylinder , of course gasoline air mixture becomes more homogeneous , the ignition timing is set at the right moment , will produce emissions that can be reduced by the catalytic converter .
  
Full load

At full load ( uphill in a state car for example) , the air - fuel mixture ratio is made a little more fat , spraying the same as the ideal mixture ratio of gasoline when sprayed directly into the intake stroke cylinder engine , it is intended to be a mixture of air fuel more homogeneous and prevent detonation .
    GDI direct injection engine can also be equipped with other technologies such as variable valve timing ( VVTi ) or variable intake manfold and with EGR to reduce NOx emissions when the air - fuel mixture ratio is very lean and high combustion temperatures .
history GDI.
     Gasoline Direct Injection technology actually introduced in a light aircraft production for World War II , made ​​/ designed by Germany ( Daimler Benz ) and Soviet Union ( KB Khimavtomatika ) .
While the GDI technology first developed by Bosch for automotive and introduced by Goliath and Gutbrod in 1952 .
     1955 Mercedes - Benz 300SL was the first sports car that uses gasoline direct injection system . The injector is placed directly to the side of the cylinder as well as a diesel engine, but uses spark plugs to burn the fuel -air mixture and spark plugs are placed in the middle of the cylinder head .
But then the application of this system is not preferred because indirect injection ( conventional injection ) as we encounter now cheaper than direct injection system which was first applied to the .
     During the 1970s , Ford Motor Company developed a machine which they called " ProCo " ( " Programmed Combustion " / programmed combustion ) , using a unique high -pressure pump and fuel is sprayed directly into the cylinder .
     One hundred Crown Victoria cars was created by Ford in Hapeville Atlanta - Georgia , using a ProCo V8 engine . Then the project was canceled just like that for several reasons , including the electronic control system problems as the main reason .
     From now on it is the beginning of an era of direct gasoline injection system applied on the car , even to make pumps and injektornya required very high cost .
    A further problem occurs due to the combustion of the air fuel mixture ratio is very lean NOx emissions are high and exceeds the threshold set by the EPA ( Environment Protection Agency ) . But as time went on and implementation of 3-way catalytic converter to reduce HC , CO and NOx , the NOx emissions generated by GDI engine can be reduced to the minimum .
  In 1996 gasoline direct injection system ( GDI ) reappeared in the automotive market . Mitsubishi Motors was the first to seize the Japanese market with a GDI engine on the Galant / Legnum , 4L 1.8 4G93 series engine , which is then brought to the European market in 1997 under the name Mitsubishi Carisma ,In the same year with a kitchen runway Mitsubishi Galant 2.4L GDI also marketed in Europe , but both cars are having problems with emissions and fuel consumption efficiency is not as expected , because at that time gasoline in Europe is still a fairly high sulfur content , Nevertheless Mitsubishi finally managed to develop a better GDI engine that year the 6G74 3.5 L V6 engine , Mitsubishi applied this technology extensively and producing over one million GDI engines in various types / variants .
    In 2001 , PSA Peugeot Citroën and Mitsubishi Hyundai Motors license to use GDI technology menadopsi Then Daimler - Chrysler also manufactures special machinery GDI in 2000 , in general, the GDI engine must use gasoline with a low sulfur . As a result up to now many car manufacturers are making GDI engine , however, the production of these machines are still being registered at the Mitsubishi Motors brand .
      Renault introduced the 2.0 IDE ( Injection Direct Essense ) in 1999 , used for Renault Megane and the Renault Laguna forwarded .
    Toyota also chimed in introducing GDI petrol engine , in 2000, applied to the Toyota Avensis engine 2GR - FSE V6 Toyota uses a combination of direct and indirect injection , meaning the system uses two injectors per cylinder , EFI injector used in combination with the new GDI injector.
     Then GDI engine being developed and is now marketed GDI engine with high performance .
Volkswagen / Audi introduced the GDI engine in 2000 , with the name of Fuel Stratified Injection ( FSI ) , the technology is adapted from Le Mans prototype racing car Audi .
Then JTS Alfa Romeo introduced their first in 2002 , and BMW introduced the GDI on BMW N73 V12 engine in 2003. BMW initially using a low-pressure injector , namumn they finally introduce the so-called second -generation High Precision Injection system be improved and updated N52 continued until 2006 .
   General Motors had planned to produce a variety of machine GDI in 2002 , but so far only three GDI engine was introduced in 2004 , a version of the 2.2 L Ecotec engine used in the Opel Vectra in 2005 , the 2.0 L Ecotec engine with VVT technology for Opel GT the new , after the Pontiac Solstice GXP , Vauxhall GT , also Opel Speedster and Saturn Sky Red Line in 2007 . LLT 3.6 L engine next to the kitchen runway provided the second generation Cadillac CTS and Cadillac STS.
    In 2004 Isuzu Motors also do not want to miss them make GDI engines for the Isuzu Rodeo which is marketed in the United States , Mazda also use the follow- on type of machine GDI version of the Mazda 6 Mazdaspeed / 6 MPS , Mazda CX - 7 SUV , they have called Direct Injection Spark Ignition ( DISI ) .
    to improve the efficiency of fuel use and produce greater engine power though small air- CC , for example, is now 1200 CC GDI engine can generate power more than 150Hp , it is not surprising when GDI in the future will quickly replace our conventional injection engines fully present .